Intel is also an abbreviation for the intelligence, used in the reference to the military intelligence and espionage, but this article is about Intel Corporation.
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Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Electronics integrated Corporation, is a multinational based with the United States which is most known for the conceiving microprocessors and of manufacture and the integrated circuits specialized. Intel also makes charts of network, chipsets of mother chart, components, and other devices. Intel has advanced research projects in all the aspects of the manufacture of semiconductor, including MEMS.
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Overall picture
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Intel was founded in 1968 per Gordon E. Moore (a chemist and a physicist) and Robert Noyce (a physicist and an Co-inventor of the integrated circuit) when they left the semiconductor of Fairchild. It is remarkable that competitor AMD from Intel was also founded by the eight unfair ones, in 1969. Intel 'employed the number four of S was the plantation of Andy (a chemical engineer), which directed the company by most of the Eighties and the Nineties to rapid growth. It is the plantation which is now recalled as a company 'principal chief of S. Towards end of the year 90, Intel was one of largest and the companies most successful in the world, however fierce competition in the industry of semiconductor since decreased its position slightly.
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Intel C4004, the first microprocessor of only one piece 1971�
Gold and white with traces of gray specimen�
belongs to the initial series of CERDIP
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SRAMS and the microprocessor
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The company the 'products of S first were integrated circuits of random access storage, and Intel became either a chief on the markets violently competing of DRACHMA, SRAM, and ROMANIAN throughout the Seventies. Jointly, Intel machine Marcian Hoff, Federico Faggin, Stanley Mazor and Masatoshi Shima invented the first microprocessor. At the origin developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a certain number of ASIC of 's in a computer already produced by Busicom, Intel 4004 was presented to the market general public on November 15, 1971, although the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel 'businesses of S until the middle of the Eighties. (Note: Intel is usually given the credit with Texas Instruments for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor.)
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DRACHMA with the microprocessors
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In 1983 at the dawn of the era of personal computer, Intel of the 'benefit of S.A. raised of the increased pressure of the Japanese manufacturers of memory-piece, and the plantation of Andy of president of the time led the company in a hearth on microprocessors. The plantation described this transition in the book only that the paranoid one survive. A key component of its plan was the concept, then considered radical, to become the simple source for successors with microprocessor 8086 popular.
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Up to that point, the manufacture of the complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough so that the customers depend on a simple supplier, but the plantation started to produce processors in three geographically distinct factories, and ceased authorizing the designs of piece to the competitors such as Zilog and AMD. When the industry of PC burst towards end of the year 80 and of the Nineties, Intel was one of the primary education recipients.
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The rise in architecture of PC
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During the Nineties, Intel 'the laboratories of architecture of S Intel (IAL) was responsible for several of the innovations of material of the PC, including the bus of NCV, the bus of PCI Express (PCIe), the bus of universal periodic publication (USB), and now-dominant architecture for waiters of multiprocessor. IAL 'efforts of software of S met a destiny more mixed; its video and software of graphs were important in the development of the digital video of software, but later its efforts were mainly eclipsed by the competition of Microsoft. Competition between Intel and Microsoft was indicated in testimony to the antitrust test of Microsoft.
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Processor of Intel Pentium 4
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Association with Apple
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On June 6, 2005, President Steve Jobs of computer Apple Annonc� in its talk of orientation with WWDC that Apple transitioning its length. the architecture of PowerPC to the central processing units of treatment of Intel supported. The reasons indicated for the change were vague, but the thermal exits included, as recent pieces of G5-class PowerPC are well-known to run hot. Moreover, it was implied that the roadmaps of PowerPC of future could not satisfy Apple the 'needs for S in terms of computing power. In particular, the condition wide capacity of the G5 pieces was seen like important obstacle, preventing the placement of such a piece in one of Apple 'of the laptops of S, PowerBook and the iBook. The change at Intel began on January 10, 2006, by the release of MacBook Pro and of a revised iMac followed by Mac revised the minis released February 28, 2006. Apple has at the beginning envisaged to put pieces of Intel in very of their computers towards the end of 2007, but according to work the transition will be now complete towards the end of 2006.
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Compete with and antitrust
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Intel 'predominance of S in the microprocessor x86 centered on the market with many expenses of the antitrust violations during the years, including investigations of $$etFTC in both the end of the year 1980 and in 1999, and civil proceedings such as the costume 1997 by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and a costume of patent by Intergraph. Intel 'predominance of the market of S (at the same time it ordered more than 85% of the market for the microprocessors with 32 bits of PC) combined with Intel 's have the legal tactics of hard ball (such as its costume of infamous patent 338 against manufacturers of PC) made him an attractive target for the litigation, but little of the lawsuits ever rose with anything.
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Currently, only the competitor main thing at Intel on the market of the processor x86 is Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), with which Intel had full agreements of exchange of licence since 1976: each associate can employ the other 'the technological innovations patented by S without expenses. Some smaller basic processors power of product of competitors as Via and of Transmeta for small computers of factor and portable equipment.
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A case of the industrial espionage ariseeed into 1995 which implied Intel and AMD. Guillermo Gaede, an Argentinian national formerly used with AMD and Intel the 'factory of S Arizona, guilty pled in March 1996 to try into 1993 to sell the i486 and the designs of Pentium to AMD and certain foreign powers. Gaede recorded data of its screen of computer at Intel and dispatched them in video with AMD, which alerted Intel and of the authorities, having for arrest result of Gaede 'of S.
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In June 2005, AMD continued Intel in two jurisdictions for anticomp�titives practices. The Japanese Commission of trade right found in favour of AMD; the other case will be heard by a court in Delaware. The case in Japan led to incursions of paddle by the European Commission on some European desks of Intel in July 2005.
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Intel classified its response in September to AMD to 'lawsuit of S and refuted AMD 'complaints of S, informant who his procedures of management are right and legal. In its refutation, Intel presented the skeleton of its legal defense, which included a deconstruction of AMD 'of wounding strategy of S and invoiced the load that AMD 'market situation of length-fight of S is mainly a result of bad economic decisions and incompetence of management, including underinvestment in essential production capacity and the overreliance on foundries of piece of provisioning outside.
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The jurisconsults envisage the lawsuit will trail most probably outside during a certain number of years, since Intel 'answer of S indicates that they are not likely to test and arrange with AMD.
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Control
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Robert Noyce was Intel 'President of S to his foundation in 1969, followed by the cofounder Gordon Moore in 1975. The plantation of Andy was well to the company to the 'president of S in 1979 and added the title of President in 1987 when Moore went well to the President. In the successful plantation 1997 Moore as President, and Craig Barrett, already president of company, succeeded. On May 18, 2005, Barrett gave the reins of the company more to Paul Otellini, who previously was the president of company and was responsible for Intel 'victory of design of S in the original PC from IBM. The board of directors elected Otellini, and Barrett replaced the plantation as chairman of the board. The plantation brought back as President, but will be maintained as an special adviser.
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Corporative government
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The current members of the board of directors of Intel are: Craig Barrett, Charlene Barshefsky, John Browne, James Guzy, tubular Hundt, James To pluck, David Pottruck, Jane Shaw, John Thornton, and David Yoffie.
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Origin of the name
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In its foundation, Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce wanted to call their new company Moore Noyce . This name, however, seemed remarkably similar more noise - a name badly matched for a company of electronics, since the noise is typically associated with the bad interference. They then employed the electronics of nanometer of name during almost a year, before the decision to call them or of electronics integrated by company Intel for the shorts. However, Intel was already trademarked by a chain of hotel, thus they had to buy the lines for this name at the beginning.
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The financial information
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Its market cap is approximately $119 billion (March 29, 2006).
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Stock Exchanges
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Intel is publicly traded in Nasdaq with symbol INTC.
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Diversity
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Intel also has a strong initiative of diversity, including groups of diversity of the employees as well as of the programmes of diversity of supplier. Intel like many companies with groups of diversity of the employees, they include baced groups on the race and nationality as well as the sexual identity and the religion. In 1994, Intel sanctioned one of the groups of homosexual of corporation earliest, lesbian, bisexual, and of transsexual of the employees, and supports a Moslem group of the employees, a Jewish group of the employees, and a Christian group Bible-based.
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Intel received an estimate 100% on the first index of corporation of equality released by the human rights make countryside in 2002. It maintained this estimate in 2003 and 2004. Moreover, the company was called one of the 100 best companies for mothers of operation in 2005 by the magazine of mother of operation. However, Intel 'of the work methods of S always face to criticism, especially of Ken Hamidi, a former employee who was prone to multiple not successful lawsuits of Intel.
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Discussed exits
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Antitrust complaints
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In June 2005, AMD, Intel 'rival as a chief of S on the market of the microprocessor x86, classified an antitrust complaint against Intel and its Japanese subsidiary company in a court of Delaware. Inter alia charges, AMD pled that Intel maintained illegally its monopoly by unjust procedures of management, such as the rigorously lower evaluation for customers provided that microprocessors of Intel were used exclusively in their systems. All to show of it that Intel is held a monopoly is simple (the company is hoped to have a share 80%-90% of the market of processor), the discussion above the of alarm and tactical coercion supposedly used by Intel is likely to be more prolonged. IT of the initiates envisage the case to be a limiting act of terminal in what is a competitive market violently.
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� Intel 'old logo 1968-2005 of S � |
� Intel well-known inside the slogan 1990-2005 |
� New Intel 'logo and slogan 2006 of S - � |
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Publicity
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Intel became world 's the majority of the recognizable marks of computer following its length�
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Interior countryside of Intel. The countryside, which started in 1990, was created by the marketing director Dennis Casing of Intel. The tinkling of four-note was presented the following year and by its tenth birthday was heard in 130 countries around the world.
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Intel inside program is very lucrative for advertisers. Intel pays half of costs of publicity any advertisement which employs the interior logo of Intel. However, in the printed media, Intel stipulates that the page that the advertisement is above should not contain any references to the competitors, such as AMD. If the advertisements do not answer these requirements, Intel does not pay half of the cost and the advertiser is interior interdict of the use logo of Intel. Intel employs the personnel whose primary function seeks the advertisements which violate the agreement. The advertisers found to make ainsi-beaucoup of which are moms and the noise stores ignoramuses of refunding agreement-are required to cease violating the use of the logo and are then known as how to employ the logo legally and to obtain part of their costs of refunded publicity.
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The publicity campaign of Centrino enormously was successful, driving with the capacity to reach the Wireless Internet of a laptop becoming related in spirits of the consumers to the pieces of Intel. With RU this because a certain polemic, as the asa confirmed complaints that it was a fallacious advertisement.
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Companies of PC announcing of the products containing of the pieces of Intel are required to include tinkling in their advertisements of film and television in order to receive refunding.
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In December 2005, Intel eliminated the interior Intel countryside in favour of a new logo and slogan, of in front of jump . The new logo is clearly inspired by the interior logo of Intel. In fact, sometimes interior of Intel is employed, only this time with the name of processor between the two words. As as follows: Interior of Intel Core Duo .
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In semi January 2006, Intel announced that they dropped the long name from Pentium of its processors. They eliminated the names from Pentium of the mobile processors initially, when the new pieces of Yonah, marked solo of core and Core Duo, were released. The processors of office will change mark of Pentium quietly when the line of core of the processors are available. The name of Pentium was employed the first time to refer to the 586 processors of Intel (contained refers to the 5 in 586).
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However some in the community of Macintosh were concerned that Intel 's stigmatizing, including the transfers and tinkling, would be employed with new Macintoshes INTEL-based, this did not occur.
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Intel 's interior countryside of Intel was generally considered sale of class of the world. However, during the years there were several plays on Intel stigmatizing arrangement which appeared on the Web. While such blows at Intel are obviously beyond the company of 'capacity of S to order, they tend to prove that not each one believes that Intel 'of the programs and the policies of S are always class of the world. For example, it there inside popular badly logo [1], the omnipresent image of an interior with tomb stone R.I.P Intel [2], and external idiotic logo descriptions : [3]. All the latter belongs to the culture of technology now that Intel is losing market share with AMD [4].
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Intel is an important silent partner of the team of packing of formula 1 of BMW Sauber.
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| Type | Public (Nasdaq: INTC) |
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| Founded | 1968 |
| Place | Santa Clara, California, the United States (incorporated in Delaware) |
| Principal people | Paul Otellini, President |
| Industry | Semiconductors |
| Products | Microprocessors |
| Income | $34.2 billion USD (2004) |
| Web site |
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Tinkling
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Famous the D D flat G flat D flat flat a dish tinkling was written by Walter Werzowa of the Austrian Eighties taking the Edelweiss band.
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